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We often have questions concerning large populations. Gathering information from the entire population is not always possible due to barriers such as time, accessibility, or cost. Instead of gathering information from the whole population, we often gather information from a smaller subset of the population, known as a sample.
Values concerning a sample are referred to as sample statistics while values concerning a population are referred to as population parameters.
The entire set of possible cases A subset of the population from which data are collected A measure concerning a sample (e.g., sample mean) A measure concerning a population (e.g., population mean)The process of using sample statistics to make conclusions about population parameters is known as inferential statistics. In other words, data from a sample are used to make an inference about a population.